capstone discussion 8

please respond to the main DQ1 and DQ2. Also respond to the peer discussions 1-6

DQ1

Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independent and dependent variables do you need to collect? Why?

DQ2

Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. Define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in your project?

Peer DQ1

When determining the appropriate variables to utilize for evidence based research practices, the researcher must take into account the aim of the study or what the study was seeking to define or hypothesize, the participants within the study, etc. In the end, the study must ensure that it has reached the necessary variables that will allow it to propose the most optimal values and preferences for effective implementation from research to practice within the health care organization.

The way you design your evaluation research will have a lot to do with how accurate and reliable your results are, and how well you can use them to improve your program or intervention. The design should be one that best addresses key threats to internal validity (whether the intervention caused the change) and external validity (the ability to generalize your results to other situations, communities, and populations).

•Independent variables are the program itself and/or the methods or conditions that the researcher – in this case, you – wants to evaluate. They’re called variables because they can change – you might have chosen (and might still choose) other methods. They’re independent because their existence doesn’t depend on whether something else occurs: you’ve chosen them, and they’ll stay consistent throughout the evaluation period.

•Dependent variables are whatever may or may not change as a result of the presence of the independent variable(s). In an evaluation, your program or intervention is the independent variable. (If you’re evaluating a number of different methods or conditions, each of them is an independent variable.) Whatever you’re trying to change is the dependent variable. (If you’re aiming at change in more than one behavior or outcome, each type of change is a different dependent variable.) They’re called dependent variables because changes in them depend on the action of the independent variable…or something else.

http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/ev…

Peer DQ2

ased on the evaluation of my EBP project, the independent variable that I need to collect is the number of handy hygiene procedures (hand washing or hand sterilizing) from the healthcare providers using the monitoring badges, while the dependent variable that I need to collect is the compliance rate. The number of hand hygiene procedures performed by healthcare providers have direct impact on the compliance rates and number of hospital-acquired infections in the surgical department. The data will be analyzed on a daily, weekly and monthly basis for the first six months in a specific department. The data collected will be for each employee and will need to be statistically analyzed using a computer software program. When the staff member uses the hand washing station, the monitoring badges records the event and sends it to the computer software for analysis (Hygreen, 2011). Each staff member will have a unique identification number which will be recorded in the computer application, so that data for each staff member in the department is collected separately. ID number, time and date will be recorded and sent for analysis. The statistical analysis program will review the collected data and create plot charts, graphs and descriptive statistical data such as mode, median and mean for each staff member’s hand washing compliance and the overall compliance for that specific department. Compliance reports can be reviewed to see if the improvement project is working, whether or not there are any problems with equipment, if any employee has a high non-compliance with hand hygiene (so they can be interviewed) techniques. The data collected will allow the healthcare facility to determine if the hand hygiene monitoring systems should be implemented throughout the entire facility.

David

Hygreen. (2011). Hand Hygiene Recording and Reminding System. Retrieved from http://hygreen.com/

Peer DQ3

Independent and dependent variables are used by researchers in a project for the purpose of making observations and reaching a conclusion. In order to do so, an independent variable is controlled or changed to test how the dependent variable reacts (Flannelly et al., 2014). On my EBP project the evaluation is based on positive healthcare outcomes achieved by reducing the symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and mitigating against the risk of complications arising. In this project, the independent variables I will collect are the combinations of nursing interventions primarily different applications of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) among other psychotherapy options ; while the dependent variable is the satisfactory health condition of the clients as evidenced by the absence of physical signs.

References
Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski, K. R. B. (2014). Independent, Dependent and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy. Retrieved November 2018 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08854726.2014.959374?scroll=top&needAccess=true

Peer DQ4

For the study regarding readmission of heart failure patients, the dependent variable will be readmission. Although the period between the readmission and discharge is different with regard to the researcher. The main reason for choosing this variable is that the correlation between readmission and HF1 is the main purpose of the research. The independent variables show the models connected to the clinical characteristics of patients, patient characteristics, nursing unity background elements and the treatment of these patients (Jensen, 2011). The main independent variable will accomplishment of the discharge directives, HF1. This will include the written set of instructions or the educational resources given to the caregiver or patient at the time of discharge or when the patient is still at the hospital. The instructions have an aim of addressing discharge medications, weight monitoring, follow-up treatment and measure to take when symptoms become worse.

Others include variables connected to patient demographics such as age, gender, marital status, and ethnicity. The other independent variable is the extent of illness and the existence of comorbid situations like hypertension, anemia, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart illness. The other independent variable comprises of hospital setting factors like unit where the patient will be discharged. The administrative variable will comprise of direct cost and time of stay in the hospital. The foundation of selecting the variables is founded on the literature and the probable connection of the variables to the outcomes and analysis connected to the HF (Jensen, 2011).

References

Jensen, G. A. (2011). Outcomes of heart failure discharge instructions.

Peer DQ5

A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variables.. The independent and dependent variables are the two key variables in a science experiment. The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable. The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is affected.( Helmenstine 2018). The Independent variables in CAUTI prevention are urinary catheter bundle which includes proper insertion and assessment techniques, computerised documentation and ordering templates. Dependant variable is duration of the catheterization and the number of CAUTI.

Reference:

Helmenstine, T. (2018).What is the difference between Independent and Dependent Variables?. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependen…

Peer DQ6

While developing a project, it is highly important to identify and understand the dependent and independent variables as well as the distinction between them. As mentioned by Smokowski et al. (2016), the project variables are essential in facilitating the framing of the project and in organizing the project’s elements for realization of the project result’s relevance and significance. My evidence based project is on the use of stem cell therapy for patients in the surgical unit. Taking this into account, this project will investigate the impacts of using stem cell therapy on the quality of life and health outcomes for surgical unit patients.

According to Nilsen (2015), the independent variables are aspects within a project that do not depend on other aspects or are not affected by changes in other project variables. Dependent variables on the other hand include those project aspects that whose values are a consequent of other factors or are dependent on other project aspects. In this regard, this project’s independent variable is the stem cell therapy intervention. The stem cell therapy is independent and constant for all the participant patients and is not influenced by other aspects of the project such as nurse/ patient perception. The project’s dependent variables include health status of the participants which will be as a consequent of the stem cell therapy interventions. This project will be studying the impact of the stem cell therapy intervention on the patients’ health status in which the variations in patients’ health status will dictate the impact of the stem cell therapy in treating surgical unit patients.

The outcome of the study will be measured and evaluated by observing and recording the change in the patients’ health conditions prior to, during and after project implementation. In order for the project to be rendered as successful, there ought to be measurable improvements in the health status of the participant patients following its implementation.

References

Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Science, 10(1), 53.DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0

Smokowski, P. R., Guo, S., Wu, Q., Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Bacallao, M. (2016). Evaluating dosage effects for the positive action program: How implementation impacts internalizing symptoms, aggression, school hassles, and self-esteem. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 310.doi: 10.1037/ort0000167.

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