M5:2Working with the population for which you were approved in formulating the bibliography in Module 1, follow the general guidelines for your Victim Population Analysis paper outlined below.

M5:2

Working with the population for which you were approved in formulating the bibliography in Module 1, follow the general guidelines for your Victim Population Analysis paper outlined below.

Tasks:

Read the research literature related to your chosen victim population. Consider the specific aspects that you will cover in your final paper (i.e., trauma, demographics, interaction with criminal justice system, victims’ rights, assessment, evaluation, and treatment). Using the research literature and specifically empirical studies, write a 12- to 14-page paper addressing the following:

• Describe the theoretical and empirical knowledge about psychological trauma and the impact of victimization within this population.
• Identify and evaluate commonalities and differences in demographic variables and psychological profiles between subtypes of victims that may present in this population.
• Compare and contrast empirical research findings related to the assessment and evaluation of victims in this population.
• Compare and contrast empirical research findings related to treatment for victims in this population.
• Define and analyze the role and impact of the criminal justice system on victims within this population.
• Define and analyze the role and impact of past and current legal rights on victims within this population.
• Cite the references appropriately.

Your paper should rely upon scholarly resources from the professional literature. The literature may include the library resources, relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, and websites created by professional organizations, agencies, or institutions (.edu, .org, and .gov).

My Paper

Introduction

Physical abuse trauma is a psychological, medical condition that is caused by inflicted physical injuries. Physical abuse is one of the most common types of abuse involving children as well as domestic violence. Physical abuse is a non-accidental trauma which is inflicted on an individual causing severe health challenges. According to the United States Department for Health and Human services, approximately 16% of children were physically abused in 2015. Statistics also show that the rate is likely to increase if there are no proper interventions in place. In 2016, approximately 25% of the child abuse victims involved physical, sexual and emotional abuse. In 2016, the rate of child abuse in the united stated was highest among the African American children at 14.5% where most of the victims fall in the range 2 and five years. These statistics show that physical abuse trauma is becoming a significant public health concern especially considering that the lives of many children are at stake especially taking into consideration their vulnerability.

Early life trauma, which includes sexual or physical abuse and neglect, can have lasting changes in the Central Nervous System. It is challenging to control these traumatic experiences because they are deeply embedded in a child development thus it takes significant consideration on important psychiatric and psychological interventions which define necessary changes to individual wellbeing. The typical effects of early childhood trauma include major depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. The welfare of children is based on the underlying interaction with people that they are closely related.

Annotated literature review

Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 9(11), e1001349.

The articles highlight that the vulnerability of children makes it very difficult to control these abuses. The authors also highlight that the long-term consequences of both physical and sexual abuse are adverse and can easily lead to trauma and other critical mental problems. Thus, these effects are detrimental to positive individual development since they are associated with negative behavior.

This article provides a clear understanding of the mental challenges that result from physical abuse which have a detrimental influence on individual wellbeing concerning mental strength. This article will be crucial in improving knowledge of background knowledge on physical abuse trauma.

Lindert, J., von Ehrenstein, O. S., Grashow, R., Gal, G., Braehler, E., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2014). Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of public health, 59(2), 359-372.

The article provides an emphasis on the effects of sexual and physical abuse. Sexual abuse has a severe long-term impact on a child. Most of the sexual abuse cases against a child are rarely reported. The authors highlight that sexual harassment is not an easy case to overcome for any given victim and thus it requires considerable efforts to ensure that these sexual abuse cases are treated effectively. However, there are significant barriers to the whole treatment of sexual abuse cases. It is critical to ensure that the entire treatment plan for sexually abused victims is completed to ensure that they recover effectively. Sexually abused victims have both physical and psychological concerns with the mental aspect of it having a long-term effect on an individual.

This article will be essential in determining essential concepts that define the development of physical abuse and the impact on children who are at high risk of physical abuse from their parents, guardians, and strangers.

Mojtabai, R., Stuart, E. A., Hwang, I., Eaton, W. W., Sampson, N., & Kessler, R. C. (2015). Long-term effects of mental disorders on educational attainment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 50(10), 1577-1591.

The authors highlight that long-term effects of the mental health disorders are detrimental to child education attainment. The purpose of the article was to determine the underlying relationship between mental disorders and educational attainment in a community. Mental disorders in childhood are mainly based on different forms of child abuse, which provide a dominant focus on essential processes that define a significant change in child well-being. The thoughtful consideration, in this case, is critical in determining individual well-being where it is possible to make a successful determination regarding fundamental concepts that define personal development in education.

This article will be critical in defining the critical effects of physical abuse trauma among children on their educational development. Education is important and creates a highly successful environment where it is easy to make better determinations regarding research development.

Laryea, S. T., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Wolke, D. (2015). Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: two cohorts in two countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(6), 524-531.

The article highlights that the existing relationship between a child and mental disorders with subsequent educational attainment is essential in making better decisions regarding the interventions that are put in place. Mental disorders are associated with low educational performance among students considering that there is less focus on essential processes that need to be admitted to achieving the desired education outcomes.

This article will provide a better understanding of the research topic with a critical focus on the effects of trauma as a result of physical abuse on student development. Thus, it will help advance the study development.

Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., … & Mallah, K. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390-398.

The article asserts that trauma in children is mainly as a result of abuse which is detrimental to the positive development of better traits among children. Thus, the most significant recommendation that would create a better engagement to deal with child abuse would be to develop an inclusive strategy where all stakeholders can be effectively engaged. The community will play a vital role in the development of this strategy since child abuse cases happen within our surroundings and thus being our brothers’ keepers is critical in ensuring that this policy is successful.

This article outlines some of the essential interventions that can be considered in reducing physical abuse trauma among children. It is essential to integrate positive strategies in controlling the adverse effects of physical abuse trauma.

Albert, V. (2017). From child abuse to permanency planning: Child welfare services pathways and placements. Routledge.

The article provides focus on the fact that there is need to protect the well-being of children who are abused because in most cases are traumatized, and therefore psychological help will be necessary since the children deserve a better life and this can be achieved only if there is a clear treatment plan for the victims. This strategy will put in place the required elements, which will play a significant role in promoting better social behavior within the community and among all stakeholders. Better commitment is the best criteria that can be considered when ensuring that the developed policy is working effectively. The systems that are put in place must focus on developing an increased understanding of student performance that is essential in creating a highly diversified focus on the different issues that are important in defining student development.

The article will be critical in providing better recommendations in my research regarding the best interventions that can be proposed to control physical abuse trauma among children. The long-term effects of the abuse are severe if they are not controlled.

Gould, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P. D., Majer, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2012). The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood. Journal of psychiatric research, 46(4), 500-506.

The article highlights that children have a weak mental strength which can be easily ruined through child abuse. Most students tend to have severe mental disorders if an abuse that they went through was not adequately taken care of. The findings from the study showed that children who are physically abused are traumatized where they develop certain conditions such as baseline bipolar, externalizing disorders, fear, and anxiety. There is a need to control these effects to secure the future of such child.

The article provides a critical discussion on physical abuse trauma thus the information obtained will help in developing strong research that is based on evidence-based assertions. The information will form a vital part of the literature review and basis of research development.

Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). This issue: child abuse & victimization. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 374-378.

The article provides an understanding of the adverse effects of victimization which include physical abuse. Children are vulnerable thus they are likely to experience mental and psychological challenges in the long-term especially in a situation where there are no necessary countermeasures to create a profoundly transformed understanding where it is possible to control the adverse effects of child abuse.

The information from this article will help define a strong background understanding of the research which is essential in developing a study that is based on facts.

References

Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012). The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 9(11), e1001349

Lindert, J., von Ehrenstein, O. S., Grashow, R., Gal, G., Braehler, E., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2014). Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of public health, 59(2), 359-372.

Mojtabai, R., Stuart, E. A., Hwang, I., Eaton, W. W., Sampson, N., & Kessler, R. C. (2015). Long-term effects of mental disorders on educational attainment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 50(10), 1577-1591.

Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). This issue: child abuse & victimization. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 374-378.

Gould, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P. D., Majer, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2012). The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood. Journal of psychiatric research, 46(4), 500-506.

Albert, V. (2017). From child abuse to permanency planning: Child welfare services pathways and placements. Routledge.

Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., … & Mallah, K. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390-398.

Laryea, S. T., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., & Wolke, D. (2015). Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: two cohorts in two countries. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(6), 524-531.

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